How Did 19th Century Fashion Trends Reflect Society's Expectations?

Fashion trends come up and go; meanwhile a social club'southward values are established and evolving characteristic to their beliefs and culture. Fashion is merely not an ambitious projected image of a reinterpreted good quondam value to fulfill some office or calendar alike but rather a evocative and refreshing concept worthy enough to be portrayed for society'south appreciation that makes u.s.a. even more instinctive. An private starts seeking for a solution to reduce his racket or he aspires to get better. Every bit an expression of their feelings today'south youth try to interpret fashion trends and prefer the habiliment manner that suits their value and traits. It is trickle across theory where the lure of aesthetic experience has given ascent to everyday manner and cognitive engagement. Too the traditional social agenda of fashion trends, it is the mental attitude of the generation Z that has set forth the trend of bearding style and cocky expression. Having transcended from a pre- backer feudal social construction to a post modern social construction, today'southward behavior is marked by cocky image and self expression paving the way for uniqueness and social conformation. This is prevalent among today's youth who is in the identity creation phase of Erikson's psychosocial development to look for trendy dress choices.

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FASHION TRENDS AND ITS Touch on ON Gild

Dr. D. Saravanan,

The Principal, Bannariamman Institute of Engineering science, Sathyamangalam – 638401

Mr. Nithyaprakash.V, Assistant Professor, Department of Mode Technology, Bannariamman

Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam – 638401.

Mob: 9952497366, Email: nithyaprakash.v@gmai50.com

ane. Introduction

Fashion trends come and get; meanwhile a order'due south values are established and evolving

characteristic to their behavior and culture. Fashion is merely non an ambitious projected image of a

reinterpreted good one-time value to fulfill some function or agenda alike but rather a evocative and

refreshing concept worthy enough to be portrayed for society's appreciation that makes u.s.a. even

more instinctive. In the society, t he individual's appearance is the ticket to transmit not verbal

communication signals such as possible cues about his / her social stature, values and lifestyle.

Fashion communication has under gone a 360 degree shift in information technologys communicable aspects staring

from projecting a basic image of how we look like and how we experience like to expressing our

emotional experiences through interactive implements in the wearing apparel.

The success of the fashion tendency lies in the style the society interprets the fashion trend and

judges information technology. Hence the impact is measured by theast barometer of social credence which in plow is

driven by the several motivational forces that underline the people's values and behavioral traits.

Today's consumer culture is driven by aspirationalism that diminishes the gap betwixt the rich

and economically volatile sections when it comes to acceptink and adopting a trterminate. A classical

example is, a consumer in China saves her 3 months salary to purchase a LVMH hand bag.

Further Information technology does not end hither equally the people' s cash liquidity is extended by the easy provision of

personal loans facilitated by both private and nationalized banks alike. This is even extended by

few Brands' initiatives to offering mode products on a credit footing with easy monthly office

payment options.

ii. Contemporary consumption beliefs

Today'south youth ( 15 to two0 years) given their predictable audacity, the tendency to shop, venture

out, try, experiment is loftier, it is they who decide the life time of a fashion trend. In a globalized

world well connected by web technologies, geographical distance is no more a constraint to

reach and witness the experience. The lines between buying behaviors are no more than significant

amongst young people ( youth) indeed blurring out every bit the mutual urge is get hooked on to social

networks, interact across a broad department of people of with shared interestsouth and go appreciated.

In fact even companies hiring potential task seekers are verifying their social networks and

appraising them.

In this context, the very thought of consumerist model of Top to down approach is hardly relevant.

(Douglas & Isherwood, 1996; McCracken, 1990) theories of consumption describe a more than

complex picture in which fashion does more than signal social position. Rather populist models

and trickle beyond theories help to exobviously the phenomenon better. A classical example is the

prevalence of their attitude and lifestyle to decide virtually production purchase rather than merely

post-obit the cultural stars and people in lime calorie-free or the rich and wealthy people. Today'due south

world is driven by knowledge and experience providing run a risk for every private to

feel and appreciates a moment which is no way decided by their monetary status. And the

antipodal is too true that the rich are not the only ones superior in appreciating a taste or value.

And knowledge being a common platform where rich and economically vulnerable alike

compete on equal terms. In fact the new line is between noesis ignorant people and people

with well equipped cognition.

(Holt 1997a) defines lifestyle equally collective pattern of consumption patterns based on shared

cultural frameworks that exist in social organisation. A recent analysis on the consumer consumption

behavior by Chaudhuri and Majumdar (2006) just bears more testify to this phenomenon.

Table one: A Structural Analysis of Conspicuous Consumption

Beliefs (Source: Chaudhuri and Majumdar, 2006)

Primary

Objects of

Consumption

Principal

behavior

dimensions

War machine and

political powers

Very expensive

products eastward.chiliad

diamonds

Nobility and

upper middle

class

Ostentation and

signaling and

uniqueness

Self expression

and cocky image

Middle grade and

the "masses"

Uniqueness and

social

conformation

iii. Face of Everyday mode

The miracle of fashion can be distinguished into elite mode ( haute couture) and alwaysyday

fashion rather than just restricting ourselves to the concept of European or western high fashion.

(Malcom barnard 1996, 2008) Everyday Fashion is an interactive process through which the

aspiring individuals of the society consciously project their bodily self in a distinctive manner in

the course of clothing style. it is unlike the traditional capitalist fashion system where the so chosen

aristocracy or rich decide the grade of fashion tastes and style gets disseminated from the top to

bottom sections of the society. This distinctive manner of style is equally drawn from the fashion

trends percolated through gimmicky liatomic number 26, style conventions, fashion code concepts developed

by the designers & forecasting service providers akin and street style fashion, Appreciation of

aesthetic experiences, ethnographic accounts witnessed in the social vicinity of a local

population. (Malcolm barnard 1996, 2008) Relating to the beliefs and attitudes of the peers or

social group these individuals belong to the Endeavour to draw a fine line between the existing

patterns of style and their appearance by dressing in a trendy manner. In other words the

intention is to win friends or draw appreciations past communicating their values in the form of

dress and clothing as appearance is a social etiquette and effective class of nonverbal

advice.

Mean while the contemporary everyday fashion echo a different pattern contrary to the

traditional fashion cycle periods of Classic manner and FAD. Rather we tin say there is a change

in the compositions of the elements tchapeau establish these fashion concepts. The design at which

the FAD accessories like sashes, armlets / wristbands, jewellery, hair bands and watches along

with fashionable trims similar buttons and pins are co-ordinate with classical dress shirts and

trousers to complement a look rapidly changes every calendar month. Party wear and club wear clothing

trends needs no mention near this behavior. Thus other than the bare essentials of classical look

namely the dress shirt and trouser / skirt, the air-conditioningcessories and trims which co-ordinate the expect

continue to evolve at a faster pace similar to FAD.

(Kawamura 2005) This is witnessed in groups including subcultures, ethnic groups, alternative

lifestyles, workplace and leisure cultures, and in all the mundane places and institutions of

everyday life.

3.ane The lure of artful experience

(I-perception 2012) As quoted in the three dimensions of aesthetic experience: fascination with

the artful object ( arousal and attending), appraisal of symbolic reality (cognitive engagement)

and stiff feeling of unity withursday the object: fascination and appraisal, The lure of aesthetic

experience for a contemporary consumer is how-do-you-doghly inspirational and entails southwardpecific calculations

on his / her part in accepting thursdaye everyday manner trends. Clothing behavior is adamant by

pragmatic criteria and situations considering we do have social codes of dressing. When it comes to

casual wear the preference could bdue east for a mixture of 5alues attributed to social themes and

adventurous sports / events, in case of formal wear the preference or the more rightly the choice

is to stick to the conventional dressing codes, in example of sportswear the adoptence is for a

functional condolement and feel good factor and in case of party wear the preference is for displaying

the oomph factor and prevailing iconic values. Thus consumers are clearly strongly influenced

past their social context, they also accept a creative agency in participating in fashion:

"Consumption establishes itself every bit a gratis and creative activity inasmuch every bit people

reinterpret and reorganize things they take bought according to a particular style which they are

continuously engaged in accomplishing" (Sassatelli, 2007).

4. Social agenda of fashion trends

In fact clothing and manner are carriers of wide range of ideological meanings. The way

trends portray a visual culture and way of dressing that models the consumer identity in a

specific environment. The social agenda of these fashion trends is to express the consumer's

identity in terms of lifestyle choices and their attitude. The lifestyle choices changes from 1

menstruum to another menses. In other words they suggest the design & manner of dressing befitting

an occasion that sets along a standard. these clothing standards are in fact derived from the

prevailing social values and their emotional expectations.

The Fashion tendency entailsouthward design focus and details on a garment noticed at different locations of

the garment namely collars and necklines, hem lines, waist lines, shoulder line, sleeve lines and

hip lines. A sneak peek review of Google fashiodue north trends report. (Www. Thinkwithgoogle.com/

leap-2015-fashion-trends-google) tell us about the status of the trends floated by the fashion

clothing manufactures.

At that place is a steady ascent in the consumption of styles like waist trainer, jogger pants, palazzo pants,

tulle brim and midi skirt. While styles like white lace dress, high waisted bikini, romper, shift

clothes and white jumpsuit have recorded seasonal growth. Non only had they added on a new

element of Elegance and natural well being to the contemporary human existence merely have

demystified few commonorthward fabric notions in the society like knitted stretch denim is suitable only

for lounges and tulle is appropriate only for elegant party wear or Haute couture. Be it the

kinematic comfort of jogger pants that meets the requirements of frail client who would like

to do away from the heavy trousers that bruises the skin or the very fiftyow weight and airy

silhouette of tulle skirt or the easy to don and doff jumpsuit have all added on a renewing feature

and pepped up the existing look. The calendar of each mode trterminate is to enhance the look and experience

of the customer.

From the u.s.er due southearch behavior patterns, it is clearly evident that mwhatsoever fashion trends have

bulldozed the effect of class entirely , and instead follow patterns of "personal identity" dictated

by psychographic parameters based on age, race, gender, sexuality, leisure activities, and various

sub-cultural allegiances. This is a classic case of how contemporary fashion cycles operate

differently from purely tiptop-downwardly models (Crane 2000).

And trends theuropean monetary systemelves are in fact rolled out by the forecasting services following thorough

ethnographic studies. As the living weather condition, the surroundings and the cognitive engagement inorth

the life of a person changes simultaneously the attitudinal expressions too modify. And in an era

where the construction of personal identity assumes absolute importance for an private, the

fashion designers and forecasters alike float their agendas to cater to these special emotional

needs driven by lifestyle and values.

Clothes are never a frivolity; they are e'er an expression of the primal social and

economic pressures of the time (laver 1968). WGSN Executive Vice President Leticia Abraham

also share the same view that manner is one of the nigh axiomatic and prolific places for individual

and social expression and is a means of communication but non a revolution in itself

(World wide web.wgsn.com/blogs/trends-and-fashion-theyre-not-dead-and-never-will-be). Another

example is the rising of street style which proves style is an essential way of self expression.

5. The mental attitude of youth towards fashion trends

Attitudes serving a value-expressive role (i.e., valueast-expressive attitudes) help people

communicate their central beliefs, attitudes, and values to others through their possessions (Katz

1960). And fashionable garments and accessories are such possessions that aid people

communicate who and what they are. In this context, do all people have a penchant to adore

way trends are to exist looked into in close proximity? The answer is definitely no except ane

infrequent section of the population: the youngsters. The youngsters comprising of adolescents

(12 to 17years), teens and young allocate more than time for their public advent than to studies.

The peer influence, hero worship which becomes part of adolescent identity creation is the

chief reason why adolescents aspire for more way concerns than any other age group.

Colleges generally project the movie of current tendency in fashion. Therefore it is normal for a

higher educatee who idue south in the identity creation stage of Erikson's psychosocial development to

await for trendy dress choices (1968).

When a particular style of clothes comes in vogue or used by moving-picture show stars and models, it is blindly

followed by college students (Pathak, 2013). Fashion trend today practisees not give precedence to

comforts and practicality. Sometimes the dress, tchapeau goes existyond minory and simplicity, which

does not allow someone to sit down or walk properly, is attracted by youth. Untidy, shabby looking

hair-styles, which are trendy, attract Generation X youngsters. Rather it reflects the

deconstructive style preferences prevailing in post modern consumerist society.

5.ane GENERATION Z

Generation X manner characteristics tin exist inferred from a few signature style looks: metro sexual

or grunge characterized by Untidy, shabby looking hair-styles, which are trendy. By far for many

youngsters the prevailing style is jeans, cool sneakers and messy pilus for men and jeans, cool

sneakers and great pilus for women. But Generation Z youngsters who in fact wish to express their

own style in an anonymous manner as per the view shared by the Managing director of youth insights of

Futures co (Www.nytimes.com/2015/19/xx/fashion). Generation Z is also nicknamed Digital

natives, just because they can simultaneously create a document, edit it, post a photo on

instagram and talk on phone.

We do see a few elements like rave look, pop art style skirts printed with giant coco cola logo,

tie-dyed maxi dresses and rainbow chokers disallowment resemblance to Generation 10. (Www.

Teenvogue.com/gallery/bound-summer-2015-beauty-tendency-report) While 2015 jump beauty

trend report of Teen Vogue speak almost vintage patty smith manner shag haircuts and ripped

fishnets era scarlet lipstick as trends, the youth fashion bloggers are communicable upon anonymous

styles pertaining to smaller sub groups and sub cultures, for example: self defined laundry-day

look that comprises of oversize sweaters, base ball caps and jogging pants

(Www.nytimes.com/2015/nineteen/20/fashion). Thus there is no one unmarried acclamationed and sought after

signature wait mimicking pop stars and cultural stars. This is no strange behavior in the current

scenario given the incidences of "Selfies" as they are quick and efficient way to increment i's

social media presence.

vi. Communication and cognitive engagement

Fashion communication, unlike verbal advice, thouessages transmitted through fashion

symbols are often emotional impressions or, what Hoffmann (1984) called "illusions". In other

words they reflect the clothing attitude of the person. The perceiver examines a way statement

"not for a new message, simply for an former one fixed by convention" Style symbols and their

effectiveness in communicating culturally defined Categories. Principles and processes emerged

through human interaction not just speaks nigh their existence just likewise their consciousness.

The human being consciousness in appreciating a cutting and shape of silhouette idue south as legitimate as any

other appreciation of Art. In fashion the evocation of a Trend pertaining to a historical period has

to be immediate yet not necessarily correct in its aspects; visual bear upon and easy readinchiliad of the

design accept preference over historical accuracy in material or shape. Today, Isouthward silk an

representation of purity, royalty and does wearing a denim trouser with distressed effects speak

about the emotional traits of the person who he is, can only be explained by the symbols that

establishes the visual core concepts in way.

Today the manufacturing of fashion clothing hevery bit been afflicted by technological advances.

(Alicia kennedy & Eastmily banes Due southtoehrer with Jay calderin 2013), The abilities of the loftier-tech

fabrics to stretch to over-whelming sizes or alter their structure according to temperatures

inspire vesture designers and mistiness the lines betwixt fashion and industrial design. The Italian

firm Corpo Nove has designed a shirt woven with titanium tlid reacts to shifts in temperature.

Wrinkles in the fabric are released when the shirt is exposed to hot air. The changing face of

communications is also influencing trends & styles of the future.

(Trending, Sunday magazine, The Hindu, September 20, 2015) The Selfie is the buzz give-and-take

today, as it communicates a message or ii about the person beyond their friends, colleagues and

foes alike instantaneously through digital platforms. According to oxford dictionary a selfie is a

photograph that 1 has taken of oneself, usually with a smart phone. And why non is elected every bit

the "International word of the year 2013". The mode of selfies has come a long way from daydue south of

Vincent van gough who starting time painted a self portrait to the days of Triple self portrait painted by

Norman Rockwell which features a yardirror selfie. The interesting thing to annotation is people wish to

get by their own style that is axiomatic from the plethora of selfies posted across the web. A poll by

American Academy of facial plastic and reconstructive surgery indicated that i in three cases

requested for surgical procedures to amend their await.

7. Decision

Attitude is an expression of the feelings and values are their motivating forces or directional

forces that help the consumer to make a determination. In example of a value-expressive attitude toward a

product, the consumers are motivated to swallow it as a form of cocky-expression (Snyder and

DeBono 1985). This growing tendency of self awareness for one'south look has influenced every aspect

of Generation Z individual behavior and is reflected in every sphere starting from social media

platforms to real life purchase decisions. This phenomenon of emboldened self expression and

preference for no holds barred anonymous style has challenged the coreastward social agenda of

forecasting agencies. Thus it has pushed the forecasting agencies to reconsider the parameters of

forecasting ushering in a new environment for modeling. The most befuddling is the

unpredictable nature of selfie limerick patterns leahalf dozenng behind only the function of

expression that idue south to increase ane'due south social media presence and carve a niche for himself or

herself. Then the trend of the twenty-four hour period is cocky expressive anonymous style that tends to remove social

prejudices about fashion in the society. The lenience is towards flaunting what is theirs in spite

of mimicking others rather going all the style to bask and appreciate what they and their shut

knit friends in the group engage and unravel upon. Further today's anonymous style trends opens

up the southwardocietal expressions unheard and unseen ever before just evocative of the spirit of our

moments that does not bother whether the content is worth artistic and meaningful which could

requite a hint or two about the individuals real existence and real needs.

8. Bibliography:

1. Alicia Kennedy & Emily banes Stoehrer with Jay calderin (2013), Fashion blueprint

referenced, Digital edition, Routledge publishers.

2. Chaudhuri & Majumdar (2006), Of diamonds & desires: Understanding conspicuous

consumption from a contemporary marketing perspective. Academy of marketing science

review, Volume 2006, Northo. 11.

three. Crane, D. (2000). Fashion and its Social Agendas: Form, Gender, and Identity in Clothing.

Chicago, The University of Chicago Press.

four. Douglas & Isherwood (1996) & Mc Cracken (1990), The globe of goods: towards an

anthropology of consumption. Oxford: Routledge & Culture and consumption: new

approaches to the symbolic character of consumer goods & activities, Bloomington;

Indiana university printing.

5. Erikson (1968), Identity, Youth and Crunch, Newyork: W.Westward. Norton Company .

6. Hoffman (1984), How apparel communicate; Media development,4, 7-eleven.

vii. Holt (1997a), psychoanalysis and the philosophy of science: The collected papers of

Benjamin, B. Rubenstein & Madison, CT: International university press, Psychological

issues, Monograph No. 62/63.

8. I-perception (2012), 3(1), 1-17, Published online, DOI: 10.1068/; 0450 app.

9. Kawamura (2005), Fashionology: An introduction to manner studies, Berg publishers.

x. Katz (1960), The functional approach to the written report of Attitudes, Public opinion quarterly,

24(ii), 163-204.

11. Laver (1968), James: Dandies. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson

12. Malcolm Barnard (1996, ed. 2008), Style advice, Routledge publishers.

13. Pathak (2013), Style among students, posted in Essays, Paragraphs and Articles,

retrieved on January 2015 from Http://world wide web.importantIndia.com.

14. Sassatelli. R. (2007), Consumer culture: History, theory and politicsouthward (1st ed.). Los

Angeles, CA: Sage.

15. Snyder & Debono (1985), Appeals to image and claims about quality: Agreement the

psychology of advertising, Journal of personality and Social psychology, 49(3), 586.

16. Trending, Sunday magazine, The Hindu, September 20, 2015.

17. Www. Thinkwithgoogle.com/ spring-2015-fashion-trends-google

18. Www. Teenvogue.com/gallery/leap-summer-201v-beauty-trend-report

xix. World wide web.wgsn.com/blogs/trends-and-fashion-theyre-non-expressionless-and-never-will-be

xx. World wide web.northwardytimes.com/2015/19/20/fashion

Tables:

i. Table one: A Structural Analysister of Conspicuous Consumption Behavior (Source:

Chaudhuri and Majumdar, 2006)

... Fashion communication has gone through a 360 degree shift in its catching aspects starting from projecting a basic image of how we look and how we feel like expressing our emotional experiences through interactive tools in the dress. (Venkatasamy, 2015) The advent of the private in society is the ticket for transmitting not-exact communication signals such as possible indications of his / her social stature, values, and lifestyle (Venkatasamy, 2015). ...

... Mode communication has gone through a 360 degree shift in its communicable aspects starting from projecting a bones image of how we look and how we feel like expressing our emotional experiences through interactive tools in the dress. (Venkatasamy, 2015) The advent of the private in society is the ticket for transmitting non-verbal communication signals such every bit possible indications of his / her social stature, values, and lifestyle (Venkatasamy, 2015). ...

... Co-ordinate to (Barnard, 2002) relating to the beliefs and attitudes of the peers or social group these individuals belong to the Attempt to draw a fine line betwixt the existing patterns of style and their appearance by dressing in a trendy manner. In other words, the intention is to win friends or capeesh them past communicating their values in the form of wearable and dress as appearance is a social etiquette and an effective class of nonverbal advice (Venkatasamy, 2015) Clothing and style, in fact, are carriers of broad ideological significance. The trends in fashion depict a visual culture and dressing manner that models the consumer identity in a particular surroundings. ...

Zaity Musa

The designer's primary goal is to create a unique feel by seeing the patterns themselves to give consumers positive emotions. In add-on, consumption experience's overall emotional content depends on fulfilling consumer emotional experience. A motif in art is an idea, design, image, or theme that is repeated. A pattern is a repetition of specific visual elements. It is so important for designers to sympathise the relationship between the shape they pattern into patterns and the nature of the experience of consumption as determined by the content of their emotions. This study will help to understand The Impact of Motifs and Patterns on Surface Pattern in Fashion and Material Designs on People'due south Emotions. In this study, we volition empathise how the shape of motif pattern relates to emotional pattern, the relationships amid the elements that contribute to people emotion and to provide a structure to better sympathize the shape of motifs patterns can give touch to people's emotions. The focus grouping of this report is creative designers such as multimedia, animation, graphic and way. Hence, different emotions are shown based on different groups and people. The quantitative method will be used in this study to answer the research questions. Thus, this paper will find out what are the elements that play an important function and can make people alter their emotions. Keywords: Motif and Pattern, Emotion Design, Way and Textile Design

... Every bit time goes past, fashion is not just a representative picture of the former values interpreted by society but is depicted for appreciation that makes the states motivated which is quite evocative and refreshing. Individual advent is used as a ticket to transmit nonverbal communication signals that indicate social status, values, and lifestyle (Venkatasamy, 2015). This causes the phenomenon of mass consumption of luxury brands to become an aspiring people to consume luxury brands to become function of the elite class which is called the "democratization of luxury" (Kapferer & Bastien, 2012), 'mass affluence' (Nunes et al., 2004), and 'bandwagon luxury consumption' which indicate that consumers buy certain luxury categories considering of popularity (Kastanakis & Balabanis, 2012). ...

Ni Fabricated Dhian Rani Yulianti
A. A. Gd. Deni Windu Saputra

The purpose of this report was to determine how the influence of Fashion Consciousness, Subjective Norm, and Hedonic Shopping Motivation on Buy Intention of counterfeit way products. This study used a quantitative approach that targets youth consumers in Denpasar City. Data was nerveless through an online questionnaire using a google form involving 100 respondents. The information were analyzed using SPSS software version 26.0. This research provides evidence that purchase intention is influenced by fashion consciousness and hedonic shopping motivation, while the subjective norm has no significant outcome on the purchase intention of counterfeit mode products. This research has implications for fashion production entrepreneurs, both original and counterfeit products, regarding the internal factors of consumers that influence purchase intentions on fashion products, especially counterfeit fashion products.

... A maneira como equally pessoas se vestem pode ser entendida como uma identidade social formada por valores que todos possuem (HRISTOVA, 2014). Nesse sentido, nosso estilo envia mensagens para o mundo exterior, cada acessório ou peça de roupa é nosso personagem lido pelos outros (DITTY, 2015;HRISTOVA, 2014;VENKATASAMY, 2018). As escolhas que fazemos estão relacionadas aos signos, à cultura due east ao universo de cada um; bone significados dados a certos elementos são resultados da relação da percepção com o sistema formado pela cultura, experiências ambientais eastward memória (MARTINS; ORTUÑO; SANCHES, 2015). ...

... While cocky -exposure is apace evolving as the key chemical element of social media practices, the projection of personal images is not a new phenomenon, since its popularity can exist related to other trends dating back to the last decades of the twentieth century, such as the rise of artists and photographers who focused their piece of work more often than not on cocky-portraiture (Busseta & Coladonato, 2015). The mode of selfies has come a long way from days of Vincent van Gough, who commencement painted a self portrait to the days of Triple cocky portrait painted past Norman Rockwell, which features a mirror selfie (Saravanan & Nithyaprakash, 2015). Equally Ibrahim (2015) argues, from paintings, sculptures, photographs to tombstones, we turn to cultural artefacts to imprint our mortal existence and to elongate it after death. ...

In a world of technological convergence, the fast growing tendency for cocky-exposure through the digital media and social networks has been steadily gaining ground as a new field for academic study. The so-called 'selfie' photographs, ane of the most noteworthy phenomena of our era, seem to be altering non only the manner individuals interrelate through digital platforms but also the way (s) digital journalism practices are exercised. This commodity examines the ways 'selfies' are embedded in everyday journalism practice and the specific bug that ascend from this practise. In this perspective, this article introduces the term 'selfie journalism' and attempts to investigate the transformation of journalism practice through the utilize of personal digital devices.

Indranil Saha
Akanksha
Diotima Basu

The concept of androgynous or gender-neutral fashion is known for its distinctive attribute that blends both conventional masculine and feminine design characteristics. In the history of way, the notion of androgynous way has been evolving since the 1920s, although it was irregular at times. In the postmodern Western cultures, androgynous aesthetic in style is increasingly accepted, encouraging the multiplicity of gender expressions. With significant influencers of the generation identifying themselves equally gender-neutral and speaking out on the topic, the concept of being gender fluid is communicable a lot of attention recently in the international manner manufacture. Androgynous fashion is an emergent tendency, which reflects in fashion ramps with models showcasing silhouettes and design elements that breakup gender stereotypes. With this in mind, the current research aims to written report androgynous fashion from both conceptual and user-centric perspectives in the Indian context. Data were nerveless through primary and secondary sources. Relevant secondary information were gathered from various books, research papers and fashion publications to gear up the conceptual context of the research. Additionally, to gather principal information about the Indian LGBTQ consumers' perception of androgynous mode, a questionnaire was circulated amid immature Indian fashion consumers using convenience and snowball sampling methods. The results and analysis of the study reveal the aspirations behind the gender-neutral pattern genre. This report as well brings out the emotional needs of the Indian LGBTQ customs members, who are the main consumers of androgynous aesthetic.

David van Staden

In this literature review, 106 studies were identified, of which 53 met inclusion criteria for investigating the electric current literature around smart watches and fitness trackers. Additionally, this review investigated some of the theories used to examine smart watches and activity trackers usage. Our review reported on results that relate to behaviour variables such every bit adoption, value, intention, enjoyment, image, observable differences, levels of interaction, behavioural encouragement and promoting positive attitudes. The literature is articulate that wearable devices hold the ability and capability to influence and change behaviour over long term and sustained use. The literature also suggests that wearable devices concord key affordances such as motivation, reflection and cocky monitoring which tin facilitate behavioural change strategies around personal needs and objectives.

David van Staden

This narrative written report responds to a paper and statement by Yang (2016:256) who states that "despite the positive prospects and functionality of wearable devices, trivial research has been washed on user acceptance and behaviours concerning them". This report made use of Engeström's 2nd generation Activity theory (1983) to examine how wearable fitness devices influence and support a number of users' behaviour past attempting to uncover the underlying user affordances and patterns of behaviour that emerge when people interact with habiliment fitness devices. Information was collected in the form of the content analysis that identified the hot areas of discussion in documents in the field. The 2nd part of the instance study was conducted through qualitative interviews with eight participants.. In improver, through emergent research information was coded and modified to best draw participant responses. All participants in this study were users' of wear fettle devices which were identified via peers, referral and convenient target sampling. The snowballing sampling technique was also deployed to appoint with willing participants. In addressing my research objective I have identified four user personas in relation to wearable fitness device usage. I also present some of the tensions and contradictions that users experience when engaging within their various individual wearable fettle device activity systems. My principal data analyses besides identified vii themes which emerged from the obtained results, these include adoption, lifestyle management, affordances, self-reflection, community/normative influences, motivations/self-efficacy and goal setting and incentive.

Mark Snyder
Kenneth G. Debono

Examined, in 3 studies, the evaluative and behavioral reactions of 130 undergraduates with loftier and low self-monitoring personalities to 2 advert strategies: appeals to a product's paradigm and claims nearly a production's quality. High self-monitoring Ss reacted more than favorably to paradigm-oriented advertisements, were willing to pay more than for products if they were advertised with an paradigm orientation, and were more willing to try a product if information technology was marketed with an image appeal. By contrast, low self-monitoring Ss reacted more favorably to product-quality oriented ads, were more willing to pay more than for products if they were advertised with a quality orientation, and were more willing to try a product if it was marketed with a quality merits. (22 ref) (PsycINFO Database Tape (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)

Diana Crane

Information technology has long been said that clothes make the man (or woman), but is it still true today? If so, how has the information clothes convey inverse over the years? Using a wide range of historical and gimmicky materials, Diana Crane demonstrates how the social significance of habiliment has been transformed. Crane compares nineteenth-century societiesâ€"France and the United Statesâ€"where social class was the most salient aspect of social identity signified in wearable with late twentieth-century America, where lifestyle, gender, sexual orientation, age, and ethnicity are more than meaningful to individuals in amalgam their wardrobes. Today, apparel worn at work signify social class, but leisure clothes convey meanings ranging from trite to political. In today's multicode societies, wearing apparel inhibit as well equally facilitate communication betwixt highly fragmented social groups. Crane extends her comparing past showing how nineteenth-century French designers created fashions that suited lifestyles of Paris elites merely that were also widely adopted outside France. By dissimilarity, today's designers operate in a global marketplace, shaped by television, moving-picture show, and popular music. No longer confined to elites, trendsetters are fatigued from many social groups, and most trends accept short trajectories. To assess the bear on of fashion on women, Crane uses voices of college-anile and middle-anile women who took function in focus groups. These discussions yield fascinating information almost women's perceptions of female identity and sexuality in the fashion industry. An absorbing piece of work, Fashion and Its Social Agendas stands out every bit a disquisitional study of gender, fashion, and consumer civilization. "Why practise people dress the way they do? How does clothing contribute to a person'southward identity as a man or woman, as a white-collar professional or blue-neckband worker, every bit a preppie, yuppie, or nerd? How is it that dress no longer denotes social class so much as lifestyle? . . . Intelligent and informative, [this] volume proposes thoughtful answers to some of these questions."-Library Journal

DANIEL KATZ

At the psychological level the reasons for holding or for changing attitudes are found in the functions they perform for the individual, specifically the functions of adjustment, ego defence, value expression, and cognition. The conditions necessary to agitate or modify an attitude vary according to the motivational basis of the attitude. Ego-defensive attitudes, for example, can be angry past threats, appeals to hatred and repressed impulses, and authoritarian proffer, and can be changed by removal of threat, catharsis, and cocky-insight. Expressive attitudes are aroused by cues associated with the individual'southward values and by the need to reassert his self-epitome and can exist changed past showing the appropriateness of the new or modified beliefs to the self-concept Encephalon washing is primarily directed at the value-expressive office and operates past controlling all environmental supports of old values. Changing attitudes may involve generalization of change to related areas of belief and feeling. Minimal generalization seems to be the dominion among adults; for example, in politics voting for an opposition candidate does not have much issue upon party identification.

Fashion design referenced

Alicia Kennedy
Emily Banes Stoehrer With Jay Calderin

Alicia Kennedy & Emily banes Stoehrer with Jay calderin (2013), Fashion design referenced, Digital edition, Routledge publishers.

Of diamonds & desires: Understanding conspicuous consumption from a gimmicky marketing perspective. Academy of marketing scientific discipline review

Chaudhuri
Majumdar

Chaudhuri & Majumdar (2006), Of diamonds & desires: Understanding conspicuous consumption from a gimmicky marketing perspective. Academy of marketing science review, Volume 2006, No. 11.

The world of appurtenances: towards an anthropology of consumption. Oxford: Routledge & Culture and consumption: new approaches to the symbolic character of consumer goods & activities

Douglas
Isherwood

Douglas & Isherwood (1996) & Mc Cracken (1990), The globe of goods: towards an anthropology of consumption. Oxford: Routledge & Culture and consumption: new approaches to the symbolic character of consumer goods & activities, Bloomington; Indiana university press.

Hoffman

Hoffman (1984), How clothes communicate; Media development,four, 7-xi.

psychoanalysis and the philosophy of science: The collected papers of Benjamin, B. Rubenstein & Madison, CT: International university press, Psychological issues, Monograph No

Holt

Holt (1997a), psychoanalysis and the philosophy of science: The collected papers of Benjamin, B. Rubenstein & Madison, CT: International university press, Psychological issues, Monograph No. 62/63.

Fashionology: An introduction to style studies